珠光宝气

【文/观察者网 熊超然】当地时间5月9日，阿根廷迎来了自现任总统米莱上任以来的第二次全国大罢工，涉及到交通运输行业，这加大了其领导的政府在国会所面临到的巨大考验和压力。

彭博社报道称，由于当天火车、地铁和数条公交线路计划停运24小时，导致首都布宜诺斯艾利斯市区陷入瘫痪状态，还有约9.3万名乘坐航班的乘客也受到影响。

二 | 报道指出，在阿根廷近代史上，没有哪一位总统在上任之初就遭遇如此大规模的两次“打击”，尽管米莱在国外正受到马斯克和斯坦利·德鲁肯米勒（Stanley Druckenmiller）等亿万富翁投资者的赞誉，但公众在国内却对他极为不满。

今年1月24日，在米莱上台执政的第46天，阿根廷就迎来了12小时的全国性罢工，打破该国两项纪录——这是阿根廷自1983年民主政体巩固以来历届总统任内最快出现的罢工，也是阿根廷2019年来的首次全国性罢工。

彭博社指出，而与1月的第一次全国罢工相比，此次全国罢工所引发的风险更高。         A concept photo of currencies and financial market Illustration: VCG
The designation of Deutsche Bank, a key and influential bank in Europe, to serve as the yuan-clearing bank will greatly facilitate and expand the use of the yuan in the EU market, providing more impetus to broader China-EU economic and trade ties, a Chinese analyst said on Tuesday.
The People's Bank of China (PBC), the central bank, announced on Monday that it had decided to authorize Deutsche Bank to serve as the yuan-clearing bank in Frankfurt, Germany, based on a memorandum of understanding with the Deutsche Bundesbank.
The move came as China-EU trade and economic ties continue to deepen and bilateral trade continues to expand, despite recent restrictions imposed by the European Commission.
In a statement sent to the Global Times on Monday, Deutsche Bank said that following the appointment by the PBC, it will facilitate direct end-to-end processing, clearing and settlement services for cross-border yuan transactions for European financial institutions and businesses, acting as a local bridge to China's payment systems. 
Deutsche Bank, a global systemically important bank as well as the world's largest euro-clearing bank, said that it is the first foreign bank in Europe to receive this designation.
"Securing yuan-clearing capability in Europe reinforces our role as a trusted global clearing partner and our long-standing support for yuan internationalization. It strengthens China-Europe financial connectivity and enhances our ability to support clients' cross-border trade and investment flows with greater choice and flexibility," Alexander von zur Muehlen, CEO of Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East & Africa and Germany at Deutsche Bank, said in the statement.
Xi Junyang, a professor at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, told the Global Times on Tuesday that while a number of Chinese banks are already performing yuan-clearing functions in the EU, the addition of Deutsche Bank, with its deep roots in the local market, carries great significance.
"Banks have different client bases, and Deutsche Bank has many European companies as its customers. With the appointment, these market participants enjoy a far greater degree of facilitation and ease in tapping yuan use cases," said the professor.
Companies and financial institutions can also avoid risks of foreign exchange losses as they can now directly choose yuan-euro settlement and bypass the use of a third currency, the expert said, noting that China-EU trade and investment ties will be one step closer with a local clearing bank coming onboard.
Tian Lihui, dean of the Institute of Financial Development at Nankai University, told the Global Times on Tuesday that the latest development, some 12 years after the first-yuan clearing bank form a Chinese bank was set up in Frankfurt, marked a milestone as the yuan-clearing system in Europe has evolved from a model where "Chinese entities handle clearing for Europeans" to one where "Europeans handle yuan-clearing themselves."
The decision by one of Europe's largest domestic banks to integrate into the yuan-clearing system signals that China-Europe financial cooperation is moving beyond the shallow level of facilitating trade settlements into the more substantial level of jointly building financial infrastructure, Tian said.
For both China and Europe, this move represents a mutually beneficial institutional alignment, Tian said. "China gains greater depth in the offshore yuan market, while Europe secures an additional strategic option amid the contest of major currencies."
Brussels has recently been intensifying its use of restrictive trade and regulatory tools across sectors ranging from clean technologies to digital infrastructure and foreign subsidies, with many of these measures seen as directly affecting Chinese firms and adding strain to China-EU economic relations.
However, despite these moves, deepening industrial and supply chain integration and the strong complementarity of the two economies have continued to push bilateral trade to new highs. In the first seven months of 2026, China's total trade with the EU stood at 3.67 trillion yuan ($543.90 billion), up 9.5 percent year-on-year, data from China's General Administration of Customs showed on Friday.
As China-EU economic and trade ties continue to expand and deepen, demand for the yuan to be used in the EU market will rise proportionately, and more EU banks will likely be authorized to serve as yuan-clearing banks, Xi Junyang said.
Financial cooperation between the world's largest trading bloc and the largest trading nation has accelerated in recent months. In May, the PBC renewed and expanded a bilateral currency swap agreement with the National Bank of Serbia, increasing the value of the swap from 1.5 billion yuan to 5 billion yuan.
Almost 80 percent of the surveyed Chinese companies operating in the EU plan to expand their investment, even amid tightening policies in the EU and an increasingly complex business environment, according to a report published by the Chinese Chamber of Commerce to the EU and the China Economic Information Service in March. Fostering cooperation in emerging industries and cross-border finance have been highlighted by industry insiders as new growth drivers of China-EU trade and economic cooperation.
The yuan accounted for 3.1 percent of global payments in June, rising from 2.75 percent in the previous month, and ranking as the fifth most active currency for global payments by value, according to a report from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. In terms of trade finance, the yuan ranked second with a market share of 8 percent.
。现阶段，米莱已经改变了他的立法策略，与温和的政治集团妥协，同所谓“支持对话”的反对派进行谈判，而不是用最初通过法令推动改革的方法，绕过他经常抨击的政治阶层。

自去年12月上任以来，米莱提出的以“休克疗法”为核心的一系列口号和措施引发外界关注，他提出货币美元化、放松市场管制和紧缩措施来修复经济并抑制通货膨胀。但在“朝小野大”的国会政治现实下，米莱的改革计划推进艰难。

三 |

当地时间3月14日，阿根廷参议院投票否决了总统米莱签署的一项旨在放松经济管制的法令。舆论普遍认为，在挽救国内经济议程上，米莱遭受到了历史性的重大打击。彭博社称，这标志着米莱的“第一剂休克疗法濒临崩溃”。

报道称，此后，米莱最重要的一项亲商措施立法于4月在众议院获得通过后，将于本月在参议院进行投票。目前，阿根廷强大的工会组织正抵制米莱的改革努力，这一改革将降低公司的遣散费用，并进一步加强他的紧缩计划。

与此同时，投资者也正密切关注米莱在国会能否取得进展，将其视为一个“晴雨表”，观察他是否有能力制定一项有利于市场的议程，为阿根廷最终重返国际资本市场铺平道路。自2020年上届政府违约以来，阿根廷尚未在海外发行新债券。

彭博社称，在5月9日的全国罢工爆发之前，阿根廷的经济衰退正在不断加剧，这是由于米莱的政策所造成的，这些政策包括去年12月阿根廷货币贬值54%，以及政府大幅削减开支。当地时间5月8日公布的官方数据显示，今年3月阿根廷制造业和建筑业出现了自新冠疫情大流行以来的最大跌幅，这两个行业的雇主预计都将进行裁员。

四 |

此外，据阿根廷主流媒体《国民报》（La Nación）当地时间5月7日报道，为简化国内在货币崩溃后使用大量现金的繁琐过程，阿根廷央行宣布新版10000比索纸币正式开始流通。

这是目前阿根廷面额最大的货币，此前最大面额为2000比索。按照官方汇率计算，10000比索约合11美元。

五 | 首批7.7亿张10000比索新钞由阿根廷央行向中国造币印钞集团有限公司（CBPM）订购，几天前刚刚运抵阿根廷。

近年来，受持续高通膨和严重货币贬值影响，阿根廷发行的纸币面值不断增大。2016年和2017年，阿根廷先后发行了面额500比索和1000比索的纸币。去年5月开始流通的2000比索纸币，则是在此之前阿根廷市场上最大面额钞票。随着严重的经济危机爆发，阿根廷比索在过去5年贬值95%，今年3月份的年通胀率高达287%。

英国《金融时报》报道称，现金支付在阿根廷仍然是非常常见的支付方式。阿根廷国内经济长期处于不稳定状态，在高通胀和货币严重贬值的背景下，许多零售商更倾向于立即收到现金。因此，即便是支付小额款项，阿根廷人也不得不携带大把钞票，而在支付大额款项时，更是不得不背一大包纸钞出门。

阿根廷央行还表示，面额为20000比索的纸币，也将于今年年底开始流通。

六 |