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重罚落地！单案罚没3560万创年内纪录 A股减持监管全面升级_我的网站

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    Shi Jianyang (L) and his grandfather check the growth of crops on a farmland near a forest area along the Maowusu Desert in northwest China's Shaanxi Province in 2026.(Xinhua)A drone sweeps above the pine forest, sending images of the woods to a screen below. Under the trees stands Shi Jianyang whose grandfather and hundreds of villagers came 40 years ago with shovels and saplings to stop advancing sand.
At 29, Shi belongs to a new generation of desert-control workers equipped with drones, machines and remote irrigation systems. An earth auger can now do in a day what once required about 200 laborers, while a single phone can control drip irrigation across more than 1,000 mu (about 66.67 hectares) of woodland.
For the older Shi's generation, the challenge was getting trees to survive in moving dunes. For the grandson, it is figuring out how to make those forests healthier and more resilient for decades to come.
Their story captures a broader shift in desert control along the southern edge of the Maowusu Desert in northwest China's Shaanxi Province: turning shifting sand into forest was only the beginning.
In 1986, Shi Guangyin, Shi Jianyang's grandfather, led more than 300 villagers into Langwosha, a sandy area in Dingbian County in Yulin City. He had raised 60,000 yuan (about 17,377 U.S. dollars at the time) by selling his family's 84 sheep and borrowing from relatives and banks to contract 3,500 mu of barren sandy land.
The early setbacks were severe. Strong winds destroyed about 90 percent of the saplings in the first year, and about 80 percent of those planted the following year failed to survive.
After seeking advice from forestry experts, Shi and the villagers laid out checkerboard-shaped barriers on windward slopes to hold the sand in place, then planted trees, shrubs and grasses within them. Sapling survival rates rose to about 80 percent.
Over the next four decades, Shi and those working alongside him treated 250,000 mu of sandy and saline-alkali land, with more than 53 million trees and shrubs taking root.
Greening the Maowusu Desert is part of a much larger national undertaking. It is one of the three major battlefronts of China's Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, a decades-long effort to curb desertification across northern China.
China has made desertification control a national ecological priority. Since 2023, the country has stepped up efforts under the program, with greater emphasis on systematic restoration and on consolidating earlier gains.
Decades after the first trees took root, a new challenge emerged. Poplars planted decades ago for their rapid growth began reaching the end of their life cycle, with large numbers of trees dying, while forests dominated by a single species were more vulnerable to pests and disease.
Making a forest was one challenge. Keeping it healthy for another generation is another.
Shi Jianyang grew up watching his grandfather and father work to hold back the sand. His father, Shi Zhanjun, spent years planting trees alongside Shi Guangyin before dying in a road accident in 2008 while transporting saplings.
As a boy, Shi Jianyang sometimes resented the work that had taken his father. He spent summer holidays in makeshift tents in the sandy land, eating meals gritty with sand. During planting season, his father would return home with painful blisters in his mouth.
Yet he eventually chose forestry himself.
After studying forestry technology in university, Shi returned home in 2020 and began working in desert control. His team, initially made up of just seven or eight young locals, later brought in university graduates with expertise in soil science, landscaping and pest control.
The younger generation faced a different question: not simply how to make trees survive, but how to make a forest last.
Shi and his team spent more than 40 days in a 5,000-mu woodland setting up sample plots, measuring rainfall, studying soil microorganisms and tracking tree lodging. They proposed renewing aging forests with better-planned forest structures and expanded the planting of Mongolian pine, a long-lived evergreen species that had been successfully tested locally.
To date, about 50,000 mu of land has been planted with Mongolian pine. As some trees fail to survive and require replacement in subsequent planting seasons, the cumulative area of planting operations has reached about 65,000 mu.
Technology has also changed daily work. Drones patrol forests from the air, mechanized equipment dig planting pits, and irrigation can be managed remotely. Sapling survival rates, which Shi Guangyin's generation had raised to about 80 percent through improved sand-control and planting methods, have climbed further to about 92 percent with greater mechanization and more precise management.
Shi said the changes can be felt on the ground. Strong sandstorms have become rare, winds are weaker inside the forest, and the ground stays moist longer after rain. Summer days beneath the trees also feel cooler, while morning dew appears more often. The changes lead him to rethink desert control.
His approach also reflects a broader effort in China's desert regions to link ecological restoration with local livelihoods, giving communities a stronger economic stake in protecting restored land.
With his grandfather's support, Shi and his team have been looking for ways to make better use of the restored land as ecological conditions improve. They have developed potato seedlings suited to sandy soil, promoted greenhouse farming, and set up a livestock cooperative, while increasingly growing potatoes, watermelons and peppers on land once prone to losing water and nutrients.
Shi has also turned to livestreaming e-commerce to market potatoes and other local farm produce, while developing forest-based health and leisure projects. More than 2,000 local residents have seen their incomes rise steadily as farming, livestock breeding and other businesses have developed.
"We used to fear the sand and keep away from it. Now we understand it and know how to make use of it," Shi Guangyin said. "Today, there are opportunities to make a living everywhere in this sandy land."
Across Yulin, forest coverage has risen from 1.8 percent in 1949 to 34.8 percent, while shifting dunes that once encroached on villages have been brought under control.
For Shi Jianyang, however, the green landscape is not proof that the work is finished. "Planting a tree is not difficult," he said. "The difficult part is looking after it for decades."
The grandfather generation learned how to stop the sand. The young generation is learning how to make what grew there last.
    Shi Jianyang (R) and his grandfather check tree growth in a forest area in Dingbian County in Yulin City, northwest China's Shaanxi Province in 2026. (Xinhua)
。    　　2026年A股违规减持监管执法再添标杆。8月21日，重庆证监局对天域生物实控人罗卫国作出高额行政处罚，严惩其借助私募基金马甲隐匿关联关系、规避监管限制的隐蔽式绕道减持行为。

B | 最终，罗卫国被没收违法所得1585.33万元，并处1975万元罚款，合计罚没3560.33万元，创下2026年以来A股个人投资者违规减持单笔罚没金额新高。
　　梳理监管处罚细节可见，该案违规手法隐蔽性极强，属于当前监管重点封堵的新型减持乱象。2021年4月，罗卫国将1430万股天域生物股份协议转让至牧鑫青铜1号私募证券投资基金，并全资持有该基金份额，与基金形成实质一致行动关系。为规避大股东减持比例与信息披露约束，罗卫国在2021年12月将基金份额转让给第三方，从公示层面剥离关联身份，实则通过闭环资金运作，完全掌控基金减持收益，变相主导全部股份减持操作，刻意规避监管约束。　　监管查实，2021年11月15日至12月28日，罗卫国依托上述隐蔽架构，通过牧鑫青铜1号基金在二级市场竞价减持天域生物1457.92万股，占公司总股本5.02%，其中违规减持股份达1167.77万股，对应违规交易金额约1.65亿元。　　此案不仅是年内个人违规减持的最重处罚案例，更充分体现监管“穿透核查、实质重于形式”的执法原则，对市场各类马甲代持、绕道减持行为形成强力震慑。　　值得关注的是，近年来A股违规减持监管体系持续迭代，执法力度与惩戒手段不断升级。过往监管处置多以警示函、责令改正等柔性措施为主，惩戒威慑力有限。2023年以来，监管层创新推出“责令购回违规股份、上缴交易价差”的刚性监管手段，让违规减持“无利可图”，大幅提高市场主体违规成本。　　制度层面同样实现重要完善。2026年4月17日，证监会就《违规转让证券案件行政处罚实施规则（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见。新规将违规转让证券行为细分为四种类别，并按违规比例、违规金额差异化设置裁量阶次，细化不同违规情形的处罚标准，压缩自由裁量空间，为精准从严整治违规减持、隐蔽证券转让、绕道套现等乱象提供了明确的制度支撑，也标志着A股减持进入标准化、精细化严监管新阶段。　　随着监管从严落地，2026年以来多地证监局密集出手，针对上市公司主要股东违规减持、限售期违规交易、未披露减持计划等各类乱象开出多张监管罚单。截至8月22日，年内已有多家上市公司实控人、股东及资管机构受到行政处罚或被采取监管措施，除天域生物标杆案外，多类典型违规形态集中显现。　　首先是限售期违规短线交易乱象。深圳前海德云资产管理有限公司在大宗交易受让奋达科技大股东关联股份后，无视6个月法定锁定期约束，提前通过集中竞价方式卖出标的股份，构成典型的限售期违规转让行为。对此，深圳证监局依法没收其违法所得429.93万元，并处罚款20万元，对其给予警告处罚，并责令改正，精准打击资管机构违规套利行为。　　其次是未提前披露减持计划的程序性违规。石药景峰一致行动人叶湘伦，在2026年7月3日通过集中竞价方式减持公司25万股股份前，未按监管规定提前报备并披露减持计划，违反上市公司股东减持信息披露管理制度。

C | 湖南证监局对其采取责令购回违规股份、上缴交易价差的刚性监管措施，并将违规行为记入证券期货市场诚信档案，实现对违规行为的全链条惩戒。　　此外，小额未预披露减持且主动整改的柔性处置案例同样凸显监管分层施策思路。深圳融昱资本管理有限公司作为多浦乐5%以上股东的一致行动人，于2026年4月9日在未提前披露减持计划的情况下，违规竞价减持公司16.43万股。鉴于该机构后续主动全额购回违规股份、未产生套利价差、积极完成整改，广东证监局酌情对其出具警示函，体现了监管“宽严相济”的执法导向。（文章来源：21世纪经济报道）。

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